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Series Theme: Matthew's Gospel Studies | |
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Contents:
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
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General Introduction to these studies Before you start reading the Notes, may we recommend the following: 1. You pause and pray and ask for God's help for the Bible to come alive to you. 2. You have your Bible open infront of you and read the passage through completely first. 3. You work your way through the questions looking for answers in your Bible. 4. Then and only then, read through the commentary. The style and makeup of each set of individual studies - e.g. the first one immediately below - will become obvious. We have put in the verse answers to each of the 'Find Out' questions, but you will get most out of the study if you have an open Bible alongside you and you look out the verse yourself.
The primary objectives of these studies are a) to get you to read the Bible and b) to take in what you have read. At the end of each page of studies (normally a chapter) there will be a 'Recap' to remind you of what you have read. At the end of every 'set' (see the front Contents page) there will also be a 'Summary' and a 'Conclusions' that cover the pages in that set.
Chapter: Matthew 12
INTRODUCTION
Continuing on in Matthew's Gospel:You've probably already been through the previous three sets in Matthew's Gospel, the Introduction (Ch.1-4), the Sermon on the Mount (Ch.5-7) and the action section of Ch.8-11. In this Part we move on in a mixed section where there is activity and interaction with people, interspersed with teaching.
The Graciousness of the KingMatthew continues to reveal Jesus as the coming king, as the One bringing the Father's authority to earth. In this Part we start to see conflict with the Pharisees (see 12:2, 10,24,38, 15:1) which Jesus graciously deals with using wise teaching. This section is a mixture of teaching by the king about his kingdom (in response to queries or specifically to the crowds in the form of parables), and power activities revealing his power and authority as king from heaven - healing a shrivelled hand (12:10), healing the sick (12:15 & 14:14 & 15:30), delivering a demon possessed man (12:22), feeding the 5,000 (14:15-), walking on water (14:25), delivering a demon possessed daughter (15;28) and feeding the 4,000 (15:32-)
What we will see in this set of Studies:We will see this bringing in the rule of God and associated teaching, being worked out as follows:
These four chapters, as we've said, combine powerful action with powerful teaching. Watch throughout them, how the various people respond to what Jesus says. Some powerful lessons here!
PART 1 : “Conflict with the Pharisees”In this first Part of this set of Studies watch how the Pharisees, that conservative religious sect in Israel , started criticising Jesus. This does not hinder Jesus' activity but it does indicate how his words and actions were beginning to impact and upset these guardians of religious orthodoxy. Watch for the different ways Jesus responds to them.
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:1-2
A. Find Out:
1. Where was Jesus at this moment? v.1a
2. What day was it? v.1b
3. What did his disciples do and why? v.1c
4. Who were watching? v.2a
5. What was their accusation? v.2b
6. Read Deut 23:25 What did the Law say?
B. Think:1. Read Mt 9:11 ,34 What are we seeing here again to day? 2. How was what the disciples were doing lawful? 3. What must the Pharisees therefore be objecting to?
C. Comment:We pause over these two important verses. In some ways they encapsulate the heart of the problems that Jesus had with the Pharisees. Jesus and his disciples are making their way through the countryside on a journey somewhere and their footpath takes them alongside a corn field. Because they are hungry they take a hand-full of corn each, to take the edge off their hunger. The Law of Moses permitted this as an act of kindness towards travellers. That was quite legitimate. Unfortunately there are two other ingredients to this situation: first there are also some Pharisees travelling nearby who see what is happening, and second it is the Sabbath. Now the Law expressly said there was to be no work on the Sabbath (Exo 20:8-11). The intention of that had been so that the Jews could rest from physical work and use the day to remember the Lord. The Pharisees had then added their own interpretation of what it meant to work, and had produced whole lists of things that ‘could' be work, and picking corn heads was one of them! What we have here is a perennial problem, of man adding to what God has said. Much of “church life” today involves concern over things that God has not spoken about. Pharisaism is still alive and well! Watch out for it!
D. Application:1. Have you got lots of “must not” things that God hasn't said? 2. God's law comes to free and bless, not imprison!
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:3-8
A. Find Out:
1. Who did Jesus refer the Pharisees to? v.3a
2. What had he done and why? v.3b,4
3. Who else did he refer to? v.5
4. Who did he say was with them? v.6
5. What did he quote to them and say about them? v.7
6. So what is his conclusion? v.8
B. Think:1. Read 1 Sam 21:1-6 Why had David asked for the sacred bread? 2. Read Lev 24:7,8 How did priests have to break the work rule? 3. On what grounds does Jesus justify his disciples' actions?
C. Comment:Jesus now responds to the criticism of the Pharisees about his disciples apparently doing “work” on the day of rest. First of all he points them to the example of David, when he was on the run from Saul and took the sacred bread and ate it because he was hungry. The implication is that genuine need over-rides ritual. Then he refers to the priests who by obeying the Law itself had to expend far more energy than Jesus' own disciples had just been expending. The priests had to offer sacrifices on the Sabbath to sanctify the temple and that required much more effort, and says Jesus (by implication), I am much greater and more important than the temple! Finally he quotes Hos 6:6 where a principle is stated: that God is more concerned about a good and right heart than about outward show. If they had realised that truth then they would not have criticised the disciples. Finally he declares that he himself is Lord over the day of rest and HE decides what is to be done on it!!! Jesus' response is a) that NEED is more important than religious ritual, b) that WORSHIP requires more energy than work on the Sabbath, c) that HEART CONDITION is more important than ritual and d) he is LORD over even the religious rest day.
D. Application:1. Do we face realities or prefer ritual? 2. Reverence AND recreational relaxation are all possible on Sunday.
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:9-14 A. Find Out:
1. Where did Jesus next go and who was there? v.9,10a
2. Trying to do what, what did the Jews ask Jesus? v.10b
3. What illustration did Jesus give them? v.11
4. What conclusion did Jesus draw? v.12
5. So what did he then do? v.13
6. What was the reaction of the Pharisees? v.14
B. Think:1. Why do you think the Jews asked Jesus about healing? 2. How did Jesus show the folly of their thinking? 3. How did the religious leaders obviously feel after this?
C. Comment:Continuing on, Jesus arrives at the next place and goes into the synagogue, because it is the Sabbath, the day of rest and the day of meeting together. The Pharisees who have already argued with him obviously follow him in. Seeing the man there with a withered hand, and knowing Jesus' tendency to reach out to the needy with healing, they immediately provoke Jesus as if to say, “Well it was all right for you to pick corn on the Sabbath. Are you going to tell us it's all right to heal on the Sabbath as well?” Jesus simply points out that if they had an animal in distress they would go to its aid, and a man is more important that an animal so he will go to the aid of this man. Yes, he could have waited until the next day but he is wanting to make a point and sees no reason to delay blessing anyone simply because of religious traditions! So he simply heals the man. The effect upon the Pharisees is way out! They are so angry at having been shown up again that they go out muttering among themselves, even suggesting that they should arrange to have Jesus killed. This is the first sign of this level of hostility but more will come. Goodness often provokes evil.
D. Application:1. God doesn't want religious tradition to hinder His works. 2. Commitment to tradition often blinds us to the truth.
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:15-21 A. Find Out:
1. Where did Jesus go, why, and what happened? v.15
2. What did he tell them? v.16
3. How did Matthew view this? v.17
4. How was Jesus described and what was he to do? v.18
5. What sort of ministry will he have? v.19,20
6. With what consequence? v.21
B. Think:1. What was it that made Matthew think of this Scripture in Isaiah? 2. What were the particular characteristics of Jesus seen here? 3. How might we apply those to us today?
C. Comment:The Pharisees' plot to kill Jesus but the time is not yet right so Jesus leaves them to avoid confrontation. Never the less many people follow him and as they still have needs, he continues his ministry of healing them. As Matthew observes and records this he feels that it is almost as if Jesus just has to carry on his ministry, for such was he called by the Father. Matthew sees this because he senses it is the direct fulfilment of the Messianic prophecy in the beginning of Isaiah 42. (See also the series “The Messiah in Isaiah” in Bible Alive). Because the Father has put His Spirit on Jesus in fullness, he just has to carry on proclaiming truth to the people and nothing will stop him (yet). The description of the Messiah from the first of the “servant songs” in Isaiah fits Jesus exactly. He does not make a fuss and is not out to make a big demonstration in the streets against the oppressor. Instead he goes about his business with a quiet gentleness that receives the weak and weary. He gently receives those who feel bruised and almost “blown out” and as a result they will come to him from all nations of the world. He will show what is right (justice) by the way he treats people, and by the way he will eventually take their sin.
D. Application:1. Will my service be non-belligerent like Jesus' ministry? 2. Will my service be gentle and attractive to the lost?
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:22-24 A. Find Out:
1. Who did they bring to Jesus and what was wrong with him? v.22a
2. What did Jesus do for him? v.22b
3. What was the response of the people? v.23a
4. What did they ask? v.23b
5. But then who heard about it? v.24a
6. What was their response? v.24b
B. Think:1. What link appears here between the demonic and physical affliction? 2. What was obvious about the spiritual state of Israel shown here? 3. Why were the Pharisees' comments clearly foolish?
C. Comment:Jesus had been healing the sick (v.16) and so now a man who was both blind and mute was brought to Jesus. Here is the classic “impossible case”, yet Jesus simply heals him. In fact Matthew seems to report it in a very matter-of-fact way and only uses it to show how it provoked the Pharisees. Now a key thing to note about this healing was that it involved deliverance from demonisation. Again and again we are told that they brought the demon possessed to Jesus to be delivered. Now a person does not get possessed unless they have opened their lives up blatantly to the enemy, so it is clear that the spiritual state of Israel was at a very low ebb when Jesus came. This is confirmed by the response of the people who are amazed at what takes place; it is obviously something they were not used to seeing. Then by stark contrast, Matthew shows us the Pharisees again, this religious group who thought that they alone were the holders of religious truth. They may know much but they are obviously powerless and have had little impact on the nation. Does this describe the sort of Christianity we know about? If so, it's time for a change!
D. Application:1. Do we have much knowledge with little power or authority? 2. Jesus said those who believed in him would do the same things he had done (Jn 14:12). Are we?
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:25-29
A. Find Out:
1. What did Jesus know? v.25a
2. What 3 things did he use as illustration? v.25b
3. What did he say about Satan? v.26
4. What did he ask of them? v.27
5. But who did he infer helped him with what result? v.28
6. What strategy does he speak about? v.29
B. Think:1. What general principle is Jesus speaking out here? 2. How does he apply it to himself? 3. How might it be applied today?
C. Comment: Jesus has just cast out a demon and has been accused by the Pharisees of being helped by Satan, so now he makes his reply. First of all he applies a general principle. Any group that is divided or turns against itself will fall. That is obvious, isn't it! Internal division brings downfall. Right, says Jesus, you have seen one of Satan's agents cast out and you say it is by Satan. He wouldn't do that! Go on, ask your own deliverance people what they think. No, deliverance from demons can only come by the work of God, and if it is that then you have just witnessed the rule of God coming to free this man! Then he further adds to it: if you want to plunder a strong man's house you have to first deal with him, and the implication by Jesus, is that he has already dealt with Satan and therefore has the power and authority to plunder his house, the world, freely as he will. Now how might this apply to life today? Well from time to time there are dissident voices in the church saying, “This can't be a work of the Spirit. It is of the devil”. Look to the fruit of that “work”. Is it a changed and blessed life? Satan doesn't make people more excited about Jesus, for that would be to defeat his aims. Let's be careful what we write off, or we may be becoming a Pharisee!
D. Application:1. God brings blessing, Satan brings real evil. Be clear about it! 2. Never attribute to the enemy the work of God.
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:30-32 A. Find Out:
1. Who did Jesus say was against him? v.30a
2. What does the person who doesn't gather do? v.30b
3. What will be forgiven? v.31a
4. With what exception? v.31b
5. Who will be forgiven? v.32a
6. But who will not be forgiven? v.32b
B. Think:1. How in v.30 does Jesus make everything clear black and white? 2. What do you think blasphemy against the Holy Spirit means? 3. Why do you think it is so serious to speak against the Holy Spirit?
C. Comment:We must observe the context here. Jesus has just been healing the sick and delivering the demonised and the Pharisees have come along and claimed that this is the work of the devil. Jesus has already sought to refute that and so now states some simple but powerful principles. First, you are either for or against Jesus. There is no such thing, according to Scripture as a neutral person. You are either in the dominion of darkness or in the kingdom of the Son ( Col 1:13 & 1 Jn 5:19 ), there are no in-between states. Second, it doesn't matter what you say in your ignorance about Jesus (assuming you later come to repentance and the truth) but if you speak again what God is doing, you will be speaking against God and if you carry on doing that then there is no forgiveness. Let's unpack that a little. If you speak “a word” (v.32) against the Son that is understandable; all people do that before they come to Christ and are then forgiven. However, if you “speak” (v.32) and carry on speaking (implied by the word) against what God is doing by His Holy Spirit then you are obviously in rebellion against God and for ongoing unrepentant rebellion there is no forgiveness.
D. Application:1. You are either with Jesus or against him. There is nothing between. 2. Rejecting the Spirit is rejecting what God is doing.
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:33-37 A. Find Out:
1. What principle does Jesus first declare here? v.33
2. What second principle does he declare? v.34b
3. What does he say about them (the Pharisees)? v.34a
4. Why according to Jesus is this? v.35
5. And what warning does he give them? v.36
6. What will be the basis of judgement? v.37
B. Think:1. Why are words important according to Jesus? 2. Why therefore can they be the basis of judgement? 3. But what is the crucial issue about our lives?
C. Comment:Jesus has been chiding the Pharisees. Now he goes to the very root of the matter: the state of their hearts. He first of all uses the illustration of a tree: the type and quality of the tree will determine its fruit. Then he turns directly on them: so how can you who are evil bring forth any good thing? Wow! That is plain speaking. Then he continues. It is as if he says, how do I know that you are evil, how do I know the state of your hearts? I simply listen to you! A person speaks what their heart says, so if your heart is bad, your words will be bad - and yours are bad! Then he continues, and it will be on the basis of your words that you will eventually be judged by God. Why? Because they simply reveal the state of your hearts and it is on the basis of the state of your heart that God really judges. The crucial issue here is what is the state of our hearts, and if we are not sure, listen to our words. Are our words hard, critical, unkind or even worse? Then that is the state of our heart! And IF that IS the state of our heart then we need to repent and ask God's forgiveness and ask Him to change us from the inside out.
D. Application:1. Our words reveal the state of our heart. 2. We need to listen to our words and recognise the state of our hearts and repent when they are wrong. We need to be honest in facing up to the state of our heart as revealed by our words.
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:38-42
A. Find Out:
1. Who came and asked Jesus for what? v.38
2. Who asks such a thing says Jesus and what will they be given? v.39
3. How will this work? v.40
4. Who will condemn this generation and why? v.41
5. Who also will judge this nation and why? v.42
B. Think:1. How is the story of Jonah first of all a parallel? 2. How were the men of Ninevah an example? 3. How was the Queen of Sheba an example?
C. Comment:Perhaps in response to Jesus saying that words reveal the heart, the Pharisees and law teachers ask what they think is a good sounding question. It is as if they say, all right we'll believe you, show us a miracle as a sign of who you are. Jesus reply is as if he is saying, it's too late for that, you should have already believed! He describes them as a wicked and adulterous generation and then he uses three illustrations. First of all he speaks about Jonah, apparently “dying” in a fish. All they will get is the sign of his death and resurrection, just like Jonah in his fish (Jonah 1:17 ). You won't believe the miracles that I do so let's see if you will believe when I am raised from the dead! Second, he says look, the sinful men of Ninevah show you up, for at least they repented of their sins when Jonah came (Jonah 3:6-10). Repentance is what is needed, not nice sounding words! Third, not only that, the Queen of Sheba (1 Kings 10:1-10) will also show you up, for she came with an open heart when she heard of the great things of Solomon and believed, and what you are seeing is much greater than Solomon. An open believing heart is what is needed, not critical, double edged words!
D. Application:1. Jesus looks for repentance and open heartedness from us, not merely words that sound good. 2. Words without deeds is deception! (Jas 1:22)
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:43-45
A. Find Out:
1. What happens when an evil spirit leaves a man? v.43
2. What does it then decide to do? v.44a
3. And what does it find? v.44b
4. So who does it find and what do they do? v.45a
5. With what result? v.45b
6. So how does Jesus apply that? v.45c
B. Think:1. What does the end of v.45 indicate about what Jesus is saying? 2. What was he saying in the illustration? 3. So how did that apply?
C. Comment:When people speak about this passage they speak about demon possession and deliverance principles, but that is NOT the main point of the passage. Jesus uses the illustration to say that even as it is with deliverance, so it will be with Israel ! Let's look at it. What Jesus is saying is that when a demon is cast out, unless the life is filled up with another occupier, the demon will come back - with friends - and the person will end up in a worse state than they were before. The key to preventing this happening is to ensure that an alternative occupier to demons is allowed to take up residence. As we have seen before, you will either have Jesus as Lord, or Satan will rule over you. If Jesus isn't allowed in then Satan will dominate. Now that is true of individuals and it is also true of nations. Jesus had come to Israel and, following John's ministry had been calling for repentance. Many people had come to him to have their personal problems dealt with; for many this had meant deliverance. Now, says Jesus, unless you allow me into your life - for ever - you will soon go back to where you were before. A half-hearted following of Jesus is almost worse than no following (see Rev. 3:15,16). Stop using words; make it a heart commitment!
D. Application:1. Half-hearted commitment can be disastrous. 2. Jesus wants more than words. He wants a life lived for him.
Chapter: Matthew 12
Passage: Matthew 12:46-50
A. Find Out:
1. Who came wanting to do what ? v.46
2. What was he told? v.47
3. What question did Jesus ask? v.48
4. To whom did he point? v.49a
5. What did he say of them? v.49b
6. What general principle did he then lay down? v.50
B. Think:1. What opportunity to Jesus take here? 2. What point was he making? 3. How was this a revealing of his divinity as against his humanity?
C. Comment:In your Bible your probably have a note that v.47 isn't in all old manuscripts, but somehow it seems like it is put there for double emphasis. It's as if it is saying, take it in, this is the family who have an earthly claim to Jesus, wanting to claim his time and attention. That is important to note. So Jesus takes this opportunity to declare something of his divine origin as against his human origin. As the Son of God he declares that anyone who does God's will is related to him. As God's Son he will not have any human being making a claim on his time or attention by apparent human relationships. As far as Jesus is concerned the only claim to know him can come from those who belong to the heavenly family, those who do God's will, who come to God through Jesus and who are given a new life from God who becomes their Father (see John 1:12,13). What we find here, therefore, is a call to observe spiritual realities rather than mere physical or material realities. There is not a rejection here of his earthly family, but an extension of thought to say, think in spiritual rather than temporal terms.
D. Application:1. No earthly human being can claim Jesus' time. 2. When we are doing God's will we are then related to Jesus and have all the opportunities of family.
RECAP: Conflict with the Pharisees - Matthew 12 SUMMARY :
In this first group of 11 studies we have seen :
COMMENT :The Pharisees in this chapter should bring us a sharp warning. They were the “orthodox believers” of their day. Yet they misunderstood the Law, they showed their lack of compassion, they attributed the work of the Spirit to Satan, and they were blind to the wonder of his miracles. They revealed that their “biblical orthodoxy” was really just a cover for their hard hearts. We, who defend the Bible, also need to avoid such hard heartedness.
LESSONS?1. We need to avoid legalism. 2. Jesus wants caring compassion in us, not ritual observance. 3. Jesus comes to heal the broken hearted. 4. We must beware writing off God's work we don't understand. 5. Jesus wants deeds, not mere words, from us.
PRAY :Ask the Lord to deliver you from any aspect of Pharisaism as seen in Chapter 12.
PART 2 : "Kingdom Parables"In this next Part we'll see Jesus using a number of parables to teach kingdom principles and explain why he uses parables. In each case seek to distinguish between the basic elements of each story and the point Jesus was seeking to make in each one.
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